New York scene, with pianist Alexander Gavrylyuk who will perform Gershwin Rhapsody in Blue

Six of the Best Works by George Gershwin

From Rhapsody in Blue to Summertime, we celebrate some of the greatest music written by the genius American composer.

By Rosie Pentreath

There’s surely no piece of music in the orchestral repertoire that evokes New York city more vividly than Rhapsody in Blue.

Its composer is George Gershwin (1898-1937), a prodigious turn-of-the-century musician who was in high demand in his short lifetime, and whose works span orchestral music, film scores, Broadway shows and operatic works, with all kinds of masterpieces in jazz and popular music making him famous in between.

Gershwin was born in the New York of the late Nineteenth Century, the son of Jewish immigrants to the city. His family acquired a piano when he was a teenager and he showed a remarkable talent for music, and quickly, going on to work as a ‘song-plugger’ in Tin Pan Alley – which was a musician’s pre-radio role performing new pieces released as sheet music by way of promotion.

Gershwin’s genius for music made him a creator of music, often in collaboration with his brother, Ira, whose penchant was for lyrics, and he had a successful career as a composer and conductor, before dying with a brain tumor at just 38.

From the Rhapsody in Blue, to Summertime – the most famous song from Gershwin’s opera Porgy and Bess – here are some of the greatest pieces of music the composer wrote in his short lifetime.

 

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1. Rhapsody in Blue

George Gershwin was at the height of his popular success when he learnt that he was due to compose a new kind of ‘jazz concerto’ for an experimental night of orchestral music conceived by bandleader Paul Witeman. Taken by surprise but talked off a ledge, Gershwin produced for the last-minute commission, which was supported by Walter Damrosch, what is now utterly loved and still celebrated Rhapsody in Blue. It’s a piano concerto, featuring prominent clarinet (listen to the opening ‘glissando’ passage in the work – a moment born of spontaneous rehearsal inprov, by all accounts), and trumpet solo passages, and it’s a complete balance of orchestral fireworks and strong jazz motifs.

2. Summertime from Porgy and Bess

Porgy and Bess is an opera adapted from author DuBose Heyward’s novel and play, Porgy, telling of the slum-dwelling protagonist’s challenges in the face of adversity, and the life-changing impact of his meeting Bess who he falls in love with. The famous, much-covered Summertime comes from this 1935 opera.

3. An American in Paris

If Rhapsody in Blue is Gershwin’s love letter to New York, this piece is his love letter to Paris. An American in Paris is another jazz-infused orchestral work by George Gershwin. Written four years after Rhapsody, in 1928, the work is the composer’s response to memories of a recent time in Paris, evoking the energy, colour and busy streets of the city in the 1920s, during the so-called “Années folles” – or “crazy years”. The piece is notable for featuring standard orchestra, accompanied by celeste, saxophones – and car horns (imported from Paris by Gershwin himself, in the work’s New York premiere)!

4. Piano Concerto in F

Well and truly in the swing of orchestral writing after Rhapsody, Gershwin sat down to pen a piano concerto in 1925. The hour-long work was commissioned by Walter Damrosch, who had seen the Paul Whiteman concert featuring Rhapsody in Blue and approached the composer for this concerto, which was well-received, and which has remained popular since.

5. Embraceable You

No spotlight on Gershwin’s music is complete without inclusion of his ‘jazz standards’. Many standards today can be attributed to the genius cross-genre composer. Embraceable You was actually written for an operetta that never came to pass: East Is West, which Gershwin was working on with his brother, Ira. It made it in, instead, to the Broadway musical Girl Crazy, sung by Ginger Rogers and danced by Fred Astaire. The song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2005, via Billie Holliday’s iconic 1944 recording.

6. I Got Rhythm

Another George and Ira Gershwin song used in Girl Crazy destined to be a jazz standard was I Got Rhythm. Its 32-bar chord progression was, and certainly became cemented as, the foundation for many famous jazz riffs that followed. The catchy song has been used and transmuted in different genres of music since its inception, including in other popular jazz pieces by Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie and more, and in Broadway performer Ethel Merman’s 1979 Disco Album, Mike Oldfield’s album, Platinum, and even in The Muppet Show!
Hear Gershwin’s Rhapsody in Blue in our upcoming tour, Gershwin & Shostakovich, touring 1–18 August. Click here to book tickets, and view venues and dates.